This new Grand Challenges program focuses on new measurement tools and new combinations of approaches to ensure all children thrive – that they not only survive, but also have the chance to live healthy productive lives. Grants will go to investigators in low- and middle-income countries, but partnerships with investigators in other countries are encouraged, especially where the opportunity exists to build on existing collaborations. This challenge joins the All Children Thriving platform, which links Grand Challenges programs targeting healthy birth, growth, and development, including the global programs Saving Brains and Saving Lives at Birth and programs launched through Grand Challenges Brazil, Grand Challenges India, and Grand Challenges South Africa.